RESUMO
Introducción: la siniestralidad vial es un problema de salud pública(1). La Unidad Nacional de Seguridad Vial (UNASEV) informa que en 2019 fallecieron 422 personas por esta causa, el 52% falleció en rutas nacionales(2). El factor humano es clave en este fenómeno multifactorial, y es muy importante el estado de salud de los conductores profesionales. No existen estudios dirigidos específicamente a evaluar este aspecto en nuestro país. Objetivo: conocer el estado de salud-enfermedad de los conductores profesionales del transporte terrestre de pasajeros y de carga que trabajaron en rutas nacionales y departamentales durante mayo-agosto de 2021. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal, dirigido a conductores mayores de 18 años con libreta profesional, que recorren más de 100 km en una jornada laboral en rutas del corredor internacional y la red primaria de la Red Vial Nacional(3). Se utilizó un cuestionario autoadministrado y anónimo. Resultados: 112 conductores respondieron el cuestionario, 97,3% hombres, con una media de 43,5 años, predominantemente de Canelones (24,1%), Montevideo y San José (16,1% respectivamente). 67,8% conducía transporte de cargas. 59,8% percibía tener un buen estado de salud. Respecto a la prevalencia de enfermedades predominaron las osteoarticulares (55,3% lumbalgia). En lo referente a los estilos de vida, declararon dormir una media de 6,75 h por día, y un 39,3% tuvo que detener la marcha para dormir. El 77,8% eran sedentarios. 65,2% no consumía fármacos, y en el último mes, 92,8% consumió mate, 19,64% alcohol y dos conductores, cocaína. El 54,5% negó tener médico de referencia. Discusión: se realizó con la Coordinadora de Sindicatos del Transporte, la Asociación Nacional de Empresas de Transporte Carretero (ANETRA) y UNASEV. Preocupa la subdeclaración de patologías, de consumo de medicación y sustancias, y proponen mejoras en la atención a la salud de los trabajadores y en la accesibilidad al médico de referencia.
Summary: Introduction: road accidents are a Public Health issue. The UNASEV (National Unit of Road Safety) reported that 422 people died in road accidents in 2019, and 52% of them died in national routes. The human factor is a key element in this multi-factor phenomenon, and therefore, the health status of route professional drivers is extremely important. There are no specific studies addressing this aspect in our country. Objective: to learn about the health-disease status of professional drivers in the land freight or passenger transport sector, who work in national and regional routes between May and August 2021. Method: descriptive, transversal study focusing on drivers over 18 years old, holder of professional drivers' licenses, who cover distances greater than 100 km during a working day in national routes and the primary network of the National Road Network. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was used. Results: 112 drivers answered the questionnaire, 97.3% of which were male. Average age was 43.5 years old, and most of them came from Canelones (24.1%), Montevideo and San José (16.1%) respectively. 67.8% were transporting loads and 59.8% thought their health status was good. As to diseases, osteoarticular conditions prevailed (55.3% had back pain). In terms of lifestyle, drivers declared they slept 6.74 hours per day on average, and 39.3% stated they needed to stop driving in order to sleep. 77.8% led a sedentary life, 65.2% used some kind of medication, and in the last month, 98.8% consumed mate (national infusion), 19.64% alcohol and 2 drivers used cocaine. 54.5% stated they had no primary physician. Discussion: a discussion was held with the Coordinating Entity of Transport Unions, the National Association of Route Transport Companies (ANETRA) and UNASEV. The under-declaration of diseases and consumption of medication and substances are reasons of concern, and proposals were made to improve the health care services of workers and their access to a primary physician.
Introdução: os acidentes rodoviários são um problema de Saúde Pública. A Unidade Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária (UNASEV) informa que em 2019, 422 pessoas morreram por essa causa, e 52% morreram nas rotas nacionais. O Fator Humano é fundamental neste fenômeno multifatorial, sendo muito importante o estado de saúde dos motoristas profissionais nas vias. Não existem estudos especificamente voltados para avaliar esse aspecto no Uruguai. Objetivo: conhecer a relação saúde-doença dos motoristas profissionais do transporte terrestre de passageiros e de carga, que trabalham nas rotas nacionais e departamentais no período maio-agosto de 2021. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, de condutores maiores de 18 anos com habilitação profissional, que trafegam mais de 100 km em uma jornada de trabalho em trechos do corredor internacional e da rede primária da Rede Rodoviária Nacional. Foi utilizado um questionário anônimo autoaplicável. Resultados: 112 motoristas responderam ao questionário, 97,3% homens, com média de idade de 43,5 anos, predominantemente de Canelones (24,1%), Montevidéu e San José (16,1% respectivamente). 67,8% conduziram o transporte de cargas. 59,8% perceberam ter um bom estado de saúde. Em relação à prevalência de doenças, predominaram as doenças osteoarticulares (55,3% lombalgia). Quanto ao estilo de vida, declararam dormir em média 6,75 horas por dia, e 39,3% tiveram que parar de conduzir para dormir. 77,8% eram sedentários. 65,2% não consumiram drogas e, no último mês, 92,8% consumiram mate, 19,64% álcool e 2 motoristas, cocaína. 54,5% negaram ter médico de referência. Discussão: este estudo foi realizado com a Coordenadoria dos Sindicatos dos Transportes, a Associação Nacional das Empresas de Transporte Rodoviário (ANETRA) e a UNASEV. A subnotificação de patologias, consumo de medicamentos e uso de substâncias psicoativas é preocupante; os participantes propõem melhorias na atenção à saúde dos trabalhadores e no acesso a um médico de referência.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito , Prevenção de Acidentes , Uruguai , Estradas , Nível de SaúdeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alcohol use remains a major cause of preventable death worldwide occurring prematurely. Despite its global burden, alcohol still is a legal drug. Various studies have also shown that factors like education, occupation, influence from films and family, for stress relief, pleasure during alcohol use, better self-esteem, and occupational boredom are associated with alcohol use. The consumption of alcohol, even in relatively small amounts, increases the risk of being involved in a crash for motorists and pedestrians. It is also associated with impaired judgments and so is often linked to road traffic accident. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence, type of alcohol use, and the associated factors for the initiation of alcohol use among bus drivers and staffs of long route bus of Dharan. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding alcohol use for their willingness to quit it with medical help. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cross-sectional survey was conducted in 250 long route drivers and staffs in Dharan Bus Park in 2016 with the help of a self-designed questionnaire in Nepali language. The sample size was preliminarily estimated on the basis of the prevalence of alcohol use. The "Alcohol consumer" refers to drivers who used alcohol at least once in the previous year. RESULTS: Alcohol dependency among Hindu was found to be significantly more than other religious group. The prevalence of alcohol consumption was found to be 78%. About 51% drivers are likely to have alcohol problems, 39% are alcohol abuser, and 45% are alcohol dependent. CONCLUSION: Drinking and driving increase the vulnerability to injury and death on the road. The study creates awareness among drivers about the harmful use of alcohol and psychosocial consequences.
